Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties), and code in the form of procedures (often known as methods).

Key Topics

• Basic Concepts of OOP
• Advantages of OOP
• Principles of OOP

1. Basic Concepts of OOP

The four fundamental concepts of OOP are:

• Encapsulation: Bundling the data and methods that operate on the data within one unit, e.g., a class.
• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the essential features of the object.
• Inheritance: Mechanism by which one class can inherit the properties and methods of another class.
• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different underlying data types.

2. Advantages of OOP

• Improved software maintainability and reusability.
• Encapsulation leads to better data security.
• Inheritance allows for code reusability and method overriding.
• Polymorphism enables flexibility and the ability to use a single interface for different data types.

3. Principles of OOP

Understanding the principles of OOP is crucial for effective programming in C++. These principles help in designing robust and scalable applications.

• Design classes that represent real-world entities.
• Use inheritance to create a hierarchy of classes.
• Implement encapsulation to protect data integrity.
• Utilize polymorphism to enhance flexibility in code.